Toddler Tantrums and Big Emotions
What's Really Happening in Their Brain (And How to Actually Help)
What's Actually Happening in Your Toddler's Brain
Dr. Dan Siegel, clinical professor of psychiatry at UCLA, describes the brain using what he calls the "hand model." Picture your hand as your brain: your palm is the lower brain (the emotional, survival-driven part), and when you fold your fingers over it, that's your upper brain, the thinking, reasoning, problem-solving part. The part of the brain that handles emotions is fully developed from birth, and the part that manages logic and reasoning isn't until we reach out 20's! This is why emotions look so big in kids and their ability to remain calm like us is so limited.
When your toddler hits overload, tired, hungry, overstimulated, frustrated, those fingers flip up. The lid is off. The thinking brain has gone offline.
This isn't a choice. It isn't manipulation. It's pure biology. And here's the thing most books gloss over: you cannot reason with a brain that isn't currently capable of reasoning. That's not a parenting philosophy but simply neuroscience.
Why "Just Calm Down" Doesn't Work (For Them Or You)
Psychologist Dr. Monica Delhomme, founder of the neurosequential model, explains that the brain must be regulated from the bottom up. You cannot access the thinking brain - for problem-solving, learning, language - until the lower, emotional brain feels safe first.
Which means: connection before correction. Regulation before reasoning. Always.
This is why trying to explain consequences, negotiate, or reason with a child mid-meltdown doesn't land. It's not that they're not listening - their brain literally cannot process it yet.
And before you sigh and think "okay, so I just have to wait it out forever" - nope. There's something you can do. But it starts with you, not them.
Why You Lose It Too (And It Has Nothing to Do With Willpower)
Dr. Gabor Maté, physician and trauma expert, has spent decades exploring how stress lives in the body - and how our own unprocessed experiences shape how we respond to our children. When your child screams or is in the middle of a tantrum, your nervous system may be registering threat. Your body is doing exactly what it's meant to: keeping you safe. And, it may be that the behaviour of your child is poking right at something in you that's longing to be noticed. I wonder if your automatic reaction is the need to shut down the behaviour or emotion as fast as possible. I wonder what might be so confronting about the current moment that has tipped you into fight flight response? It's fast, it's automatic, and it bypasses logic entirely.
Research from the Jai Institute for Parenting supports this: the single most powerful regulation tool your child has access to is your regulated nervous system. Not a script. Not a technique. You!
That may feel like a lot of pressure - and it's also genuinely good news. Because it means the work starts with you, not with them. This is the work that shapes hearts and homes where inner safety leads the way to secure attachment.
So What Actually Helps In the Moment?
This is my "you go first" approach in practice: when you regulate yourself first, your child's nervous system follows. Everything flows from there and research shows this strongly.
Here's what that can look like, practically:
Step 1: Regulate Yourself Before You Respond
Before you do or say anything, take one slow exhale. Not because it's trendy - because it activates your parasympathetic nervous system and literally brings your lid back down. Dr. Vanessa Lapointe, registered psychologist and author of Parenting Right from the Start, puts it plainly: a child cannot climb higher than the ceiling their parent provides. You are the ceiling. So we bring yours up first! It may look like splashing some cold water on your face for a moment, reminding yourself that you are safe and this is not an emergency, perhaps letting your child know that you need a moment to sip some water and you'll circle back when you feel calmer in your body. There is no right or wrong, do what feels most supportive for you in that moment. Some of my clients turn to movement to allow the emotions to move through their body rather than resist them.
Step 2: Connect Before You Correct
Get close. Make eye contact if they're open to it. Match their energy down - not their chaos up. A hand on the back, a low voice, a simple "I'm right here" can do more to de-escalate a meltdown than any carefully worded explanation. Don't try to rush them through their overwhelm, be with them through it rather than trying to avoid it or shut it down. We want children to feel safe in their bodies and that means learning to BE with the feeling even if it's uncomfortable. This is where resilience begins to grow, and you modelling this makes all the difference.
You're not rewarding the behaviour. You're responding to something deeper - a child's innate, biological need for connection. That need doesn't go away in a meltdown. If we try to teach in the moments where they're most overwhelmed nothing will register because they don't have capacity to learn during dysregultation. Mums I speak to often have a concern that co-regulation may translate as being "passive" or allowing the behaviour. Please know this: connection doesn't become a replacement for discipline or consequences if necessary, but it has to come first before we do anything so that they know that they are seen, acknowledged and unconditionally loved despite what might be happening on the surface. (I must also add- when we look at toddlers the behaviours we often don't want to see are simply age appropriate...there's no need to discipline a meltdown because it's perfectly normal and they can't help it!)
Step 3: Keep It Simple
Once the storm passes (and it will pass), less is more. One sentence. Warmth, not lecture. "That was really hard for you, hey." Full stop. Save the teaching for after the regulation, not during it.
A note on temperament and neurodiversity
Every child is wired differently. A child who is highly sensitive, neurodivergent, or has particular sensory needs may need more time, different kinds of connection, or very specific conditions to regulate - and what works beautifully for one child may do absolutely nothing for another. You know your child best. These steps are a starting place, not a prescription. The one thing that holds true across all temperaments and nervous systems: your child will always do better when you are leading from a regulated, connected place. That part doesn't change.
The Gap Between Knowing and Doing - And Why It's Not Your Fault
Here's what I hear from mums more than almost anything else: "I know all this. I just can't do it in the moment."
And I want you to hear this clearly: that gap isn't a knowledge problem. It isn't a willpower problem. Sometimes reading the facts makes perfect sense but the application becomes a stumbling block. This is so normal because much of parenting is from a subconscious place that may need some more care and exploration to see whats sitting underneath. If we understand they why (may be for you it's "why am I so reactive?!") it's much easier to makster the how.
Reading about co-regulation and doing it while you're exhausted, touched-out, and triggered by a screaming child at 6pm are two completely different things. The research makes sense at a desk. It's a whole other skill to embody it in real time.
That's exactly why understanding the theory is only ever the first step. The work, the real, lasting, life-changing work, happens in the doing.
You're Further Along Than You Think
Your child's tantrums don't mean you're raising a difficult child. They're most likely exactly where they should be and I remind all my clients this: science tells us that there is so much room for imperfection in parenting. The bit that makes the difference is the repair and coming back to connection if you showed up in a way that ruptured the relationship momentarily.
The fact that you're here, reading this, thinking about why rather than just what to do already matters. There's a next step available to you.
If you're ready to move from knowing to actually doing it differently, I'd love to help you get there.
I am a Certified Parent Coach trained through the Jai Institute for Parenting. I works with mums of children aged 1–10 who are ready to parent with more confidence, calm, and connection - without losing themselves in the process.




